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सम्पूर्ण कक्षाहरु पुन : सुचारु भयको सम्बन्धमा

Adobe photoshop Notes

Adobe Photoshop was originally developed in 1987 by Thomas and John Knoll, and then Adobe Systems Inc. bought the license to distribute in 1988. Thomas, then in school for his PhD at the University of Michigan, wrote a program on his Macintosh Plus that basically displayed images on a screen and called it Display. His brother John, an employee at industrial Light & Magic, convinced him to make it into a full program. They began to collaborate on it and eventually called it Photoshop, since ImagePro was already taken. They made a short-term deal with Barneyscan, a scanner manufacturer, to distribute copies of the program with a slide scanner they were selling; Photoshop shipped 200 copies this way.
John eventually did a demonstration to Apple and Russell Brown, who was then art director at Adobe. Adobe decided to purchase the license to distribute in 1988. Photoshop 1.0 was released on February 19, 1990 and was exclusive for Macintosh. Each Photoshop release improved upon the last, and it quickly became the standard in digital photo editing.
Photoshop is specifically designed to allow users to create and edit raster images in multiple layers. These overlays or layers can support transparency and can also act as masks or filters that can alter underlying images in the layers below them. Shadows and other effects such as alpha compositing can be applied. It is also possible of apply several color models to these layers – CMYK, RGB, Spot Color, and Duotone and Lap color space.
The default file extension for a work in progress is called .PSD (Photoshop Document). A PSD file has a maximum of 30,000 pixels for width and height and a file length limit of 2 gigabytes. Another type of Photoshop file is .PSB (Photoshop Big) – it is a large document format and extends the PSD’s maximum height and width limit to 300,000 pixels and also extends the length limit to around 4 exabytes.

Why we should to learn adobe photoshop? 
Adobe Photoshop Notes


# Get the opportunity to express your creativity: Photoshop opens a door of unlimited possibilities. The more you explore its features, the better you understand your own potentials. You will gradually find out new ways to make your designs better.
# Practice graphic design: Besides creating the layouts for websites, you can create eye catching graphic designs using this software. You can create the layout of business card, poster, greeting card and much more. So, if you later decide to shift from image editing to graphic design profession, knowledge in Photoshop can help you a lot.
# Restore old images: Do you have old, damaged photographs in your family album? With the help of this versatile software you can restore those old pictures and relive the happy memories. Using clone stamp, healing brush and patch tools worn out images can be restored. When you will tell employers that you can design websites and restore old photographs, they will be eager to hire you.
# Amalgamate graphics with text aesthetically: To create a wonderful graphic design you must learn the technique to blend images with text. Photoshop gives you the flexibility to mix and match images with text to create the desired effect. Using emboss, bevel and drop shadow effect you can make the text visually appealing. Similarly, photos can be enhanced by tweaking brightness, contrast and sharpness.
# Take advantage of brushes: Photoshop brushes are simply wonderful. There are hundreds of brushes available and each one offers a unique effect. For instance, if you want to draw a vast meadow filled with dense grass, there is no need to draw them individually. With the help of a grass brush you can complete the task within a few minutes.
# Change photo colour: You can turn a coloured picture into black and white with the help of this image editing tool. You can also add effects to the images to give them a unique look. There are dozens of effects inbuilt in Photoshop for changing the look and feel of images.
# Rectify mistakes in photographs: Some of the photos look bad due to shadow, red eye effect and poor lighting. With the help of Photoshop tools, you can cover up the weak spots and enhance the visual appeal of the images. You can also crop some parts of an image if it is unnecessary.
# Create t-shirt designs: Like to design nice graphics enriched t-shirts? People love graphic t-shirts these days as they feature interesting images and great fonts. By taking advantage of Photoshop tools you can create designs for t-shirts and then contact a garment manufacturer for printing them.
# Transform pictures artistically: In Photoshop, photographs can be transformed into a watercolour painting, a charcoal drawing and many more. Using the Filter tool you can do a lot of things.
The outputs in Photoshop are mind blowing. As a creative person, you feel proud of your skills. The more you practice this feature rich software, the more confidence you will gain. You can impress your potential employers by showing your Photoshop skills and secure a job in a reputed web design agency. You can also work as a freelance web or graphic designer and earn handsomely.

Selecting

Draw marquee selection from centerAlt–drag selection
Add to a selectionShift
Subtract from a selectionAlt
Intersect with a selectionShift–Alt
Make copy of selection w/Move toolAlt–drag selection
Make copy of selection when not in Move toolCtrl–Alt–drag selection
Move selection (in 1-pixel increments)Arrow keys
Move selection (in 10-pixel increments)Shift–Arrow keys
Select all opaque pixels on layerCtrl–click on layer thumbnail (in Layers panel)
Reselect last selectionCtrl–Shift–D
Feather selectionShift–F6
Move marquee while drawing selectionHold Spacebar while drawing marquee
Viewing
Fit on ScreenDouble–click on Hand tool or Ctrl–0
100% View Level (Actual Pixels)Double–click on Zoom tool or Ctrl–1
Zoom inCtrl–Spacebar–click or Ctrl–Plus(+)
Zoom outAlt–Spacebar–click or Ctrl–Minus(–)
Hide/Show all tools and panelsTab
Hide/Show all panels except Tools panel and Options barShift–Tab
Cycle through full screen modesF
Scroll image left or right in windowCtrl–Shift–Page Up/Down
Jump/Zoom to part of ImageCtrl–drag in Navigator panel
Toggle layer mask on/off as rubylith\
Layers
Create new layerCtrl–Shift–N
Select non-contiguous layersCtrl–click layers
Select contiguous layersClick one layer, then Shift–click another layer
Delete LayerDelete key (while in the Move tool)
View contents of layer maskAlt–click layer mask icon
Temporarily turn off layer maskShift–click layer mask icon
Clone layer as you move itAlt–drag
Find/Select layer containing objectRight–click on the object w/Move tool
Change layer opacityNumber pad keys (w/Move tool selected)
Cycle down or up through blending modesShift–Plus(+) or Minus(–)
Change to a specific blending mode(w/Move tool) Shift–Alt–letter (i.e.: N=Normal, M=Multiply. etc.)
Switch to layer below/above current layerAlt–[ or Alt–]
Move layer below/above current layerCtrl–[ or Ctrl–]
Merge down                                                                                                                          Ctrl + E 
Merge visible                                                                                                               Ctrl +shift+E

Type

Select all text on layerDouble–click on T thumbnail in Layers panel
Increase/Decrease size of selected text by 1 ptCtrl–Shift–> or <
Increase/Decrease size of selected text by 5 ptsCtrl–Shift–Alt–> or <
Increase/Decrease kerning/trackingAlt–Right/Left Arrow
Align text left/center/rightCtrl–Shift–L/C/R

Painting

Fill selection with Background colorCtrl–Backspace
Fill selection with Foreground colorAlt–Backspace
Fill selection with Foreground color using Lock Transparent PixelsShift–Alt–Backspace
Fill selection with source state in History panelCtrl–Alt–Backspace
Display Fill dialog boxShift–Backspace
Sample as background colorAlt–click w/Eyedropper tool
To get Move toolWhile in any painting/editing tool, hold Ctrl

Decrease/Increase brush size[ or ]
Decrease/Increase hardness of brushShift–[ or Shift–]
Switch between preset brushes< or >

Pen Tool & Paths

To get Direct Selection tool while using Pen toolCtrl
Switch between Add Anchor and Delete Anchor Point toolsAlt
Switch from Path Selection tool to Convert Point tool when pointer is over anchor pointCtrl–Alt
To select a whole path w/Direct Selection toolAlt–click
Convert path to a selectionCtrl–click on path name (in Paths panel)

Panels

Show/Hide Brushes panelF5
Show/Hide Color panelF6
Show/Hide Layers panelF7
Show/Hide Info panelF8
Show/Hide Actions panelAlt–F9

Miscellaneous Good Stuff
Switch between open documentsCtrl–Tab
Undo or Redo operations beyond last oneCtrl–Alt–Z/Ctrl–Shift–Z
Reapply last filter usedCtrl–F
Reapply last filter used, but display dialog box to alter settingsCtrl–Alt–F
Temporarily switch to Hand toolSpacebar
Reset dialog boxHold Alt, Cancel turns into Reset button, click it
Increase/Decrease value (in any option field) by 1 unitUp/Down Arrow
Increase/Decrease value (in any option field) by 10 unitsShift–Up/Down Arrow
Reapply last transformationCtrl–Shift–T

Move Crop/Selection marquee while creatingHold Spacebar while drawing

Tools

VMove and Artboard tools
MMarquee tools
LLasso tools
WQuick Selection, Magic Wand
CCrop and Slice Tools
IEyedropper, 3D Material Eyedropper, Color Sampler, Ruler, Note, Count
JSpot Healing Brush, Healing Brush, Patch, Content-Aware Move, Red Eye
BBrush, Pencil, Color Replacement, Mixer Brush
SClone Stamp, Pattern Stamp
YHistory Brush, Art History Brush
EEraser tools
GGradient, Paint Bucket, 3D Material Drop
ODodge, Burn, Sponge
PPen tools
TType tools
APath Selection, Direct Selection
URectangle, Rounded Rectangle, Ellipse, Polygon, Line, Custom Shape
HHand
RRotate View
ZZoom
DDefault colors
XSwitch Foreground and Background colors
QQuick Mask Mode

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